Pictures and Profiles of Different Raptor Dinosaurs

Ugandas Anti-gay Laws Essay - 1026 Words

There has been an increase of gays all over the world in the last few generations. Some countries have become accepting to it, but others are not having any of it and Uganda, a country in East Africa, is one of them. Uganda has passed severe laws for an anti-gay country. Some laws as severe as life in prison or death sentence. The U.S. should step in and act as an International police force before things get too out of hand because nobody should be put to death or spend lifetime in prison for being who they are. Uganda began to see gay rights as a problem. Yoweri Museveni, the president of Uganda, is disgusted with the outbreak of homosexuality in his country and he wants LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) extinguished.†¦show more content†¦Without the involvement of the American Evangelicals things maybe could’ve been different. Roger Ross Williams said, â€Å"The Anti-Homosexuality Bill would never have come about without the involvement of the American Fun damental Evangelicals† (Walker 30). Ever since the Anti-Homosexuality Bill was on the agenda, Ugandan LGBT have been â€Å"living in constant fear of discovery and prosecution† (â€Å"Persecuted† 4). A man named David Kato was a gay living in Uganda. He was beaten with a hammer and died because he was gay. He was also involved in a Rolling Stones Magazine article. There was a picture of Kato and two other gay man with a banner on top that said, â€Å"Hang Them,† which was use as a statement to hang ALL the gays of Uganda. David Kato believed there were two different ways to react to being gay. One way was to be as secretive about it as possible. Or the other way was to be not ashamed of it. Kato was proud to be gay even though it was risky, especially in the country of Uganda with all the new Anti-Homosexuality Bills. Kato â€Å"televised a press conference to start the push for gay rights in his own country† (â€Å"Gay† 96). After Kato had tried to push for gay rights he had been suffered beatings by police and people of Uganda and has been arrested at least three times. Some Christian pastors that toured around Uganda’s towns said Kato â€Å"was a dog, a pig, possessed by the devils† (â€Å"Gay† 96). AtShow MoreRelatedThe Anti Homosexuality Act Of Uganda1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent watched a TV clip on a popular news show, Tosh.O, regarding the Anti-Homosexuality Act proposed in Uganda. At this time, the idea of implementing a law that banned homosexuality was ludicrous and the claims presented by Ugandans regarding the lethality of homosexuals seemed comical. After watching the documentary, Call Me Kuchu, this student realized the seriousness of this matter and finds news clips that made of fun of this law no longer funny. Call Me Kuchu (2013) is a film that documents aRead MoreThe Crucible By John Proctor1091 Words   |  5 Pageswas hung for â€Å"witchcraft.† Owen Lattimore’s, a former editor for the Institute of Pacific Relations Journal, reputation was tarnished after falsely being accused by Joseph McCarthy of being the number one spy for the Soviets. David Kato, a Ugandan gay rights campaigner, was beaten to death on January 26, 2011. These are just three examples of how witch hunts ruined and ended lives. Throughout history, many people have been persecuted due to witch hunts; some examples are the Salem Witch Trials, McCarthy’sRead MoreOur prosecution team is charging the President of Uganda, Yoweri Museveni, with human rights800 Words   |  4 Pagesis the most destitute and least developed African country. Museveni has not only been hurting Uganda’s economy but has also had people killed for over extreme opinions on subjects such as gay rights and religious free dom. Museveni passed a law that made it legal to pursue and prosecute homosexuals and anyone who does not report homosexuals (Fry). Also, on February 24th, 2014, Museveni created a new law that imposes life sentences to homosexuals (Pflanz). Under Museveni, human trafficking has persistedRead MoreThe Rights Of Gays And The Homosexual Agenda1743 Words   |  7 Pageshave a drastic effect on the human rights of gays and lesbians in Uganda. The speech, given at an anti-gay conference titled â€Å"Exposing the Truth behind Homosexuality and the Homosexual Agenda†, linked homosexuality with child molestation and the destruction of African families and laid the foundation for what was to become a virulently homophobic movement in Uganda. This religious crusade against the rights of gays and lesbians culminated in an oppressive law, passed in 2014 and recently struck downRead MoreSex And Sexuality, Violence, And Inequality1712 Words   |  7 Pagesovershadowed the significant issu es of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) rights in the past. With political and social institutions that are anti-LGBTI, many actions including the most recent anti-homosexuality law, have worked to rid the country of these individuals. This law, among others, criminalizes homosexuality and any sexuality outside of heterosexuality (â€Å"Parliament Outlaws Homosexuality†) To combat this unnatural law and to achieve greater equality and liberationRead MoreCensoring The Censorship Of Media3205 Words   |  13 Pagesthe act of censoring gay media hurts all those individuals who are members of the LGBT community and those who wish to learn more about the LGBT community and its history. It prevents people who wish to find more resources and information that might be able to change their life for the better. Censoring gay medial is okay when it promotes hatred and violence but it should not be censor when it promotes helpful information. It can also promote tolerance and acceptance for gay people and in the process

Archimedes’ Autobiobraphy Free Essays

our site – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING – DISSRTATION EXAMPLES FREE ESSAYS Abstract The invention of mathematical formulas used in physical and chemical sciences has played a crucial role in technological advancement exhibited in the contemporary society. Many of these inventions were made in the early and the late 1800’s, while some made as early as 200 BC’s. Many scholars in the contemporary generation have shown increased interest in studying the motivation of these ancient inventors and how they managed to develop their ideas (Netz Noel, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Archimedes’ Autobiobraphy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will document the autobiography of Archimedes of Syracuse, who has been considered a pioneer through inventing mathematical formulas. â€Å"Archimedes of Syracuse† Archimedes was born to Phidias, a mathematician and an astronomer in 287 BC in Syracuse, a city in Sicily (Zannos, 2005). There is no clear information about his early life and his family, but some people claim that his nobility was of Syracuse and that he was related to the King of Syracuse, Hiero II. During this period, Syracuse was considered a centre of commercial activities and as a young person growing in this busy city Archimedes developed an interest in solving complex mathematical problems facing the people of Sicily (Anderson, 2009). After acquiring much information from the local schools he attended in Syracuse, he travelled to Egypt for further learning in Alexandria University. Upon completion of his education, Archimedes travelled back to Syracuse where he lived a life of innovative thinking and solving problems through critical thinking as well as application of mathematical formulas (Geymonat, 2010). King Hiero II was impressed by Archimedes’ inventions which o ffered solutions to various challenges (Neal, 2011). One of Archimedes’s inventions that impressed King Hiero II was Archimedes’ screw that enabled the King to empty water from a hull of his ship. Archimedes was also asked by the king to find out how he could determine the amount of gold on his crown without destroying it. Archimedes addressed this by immersing it in water and determining the volume of the water it displaced, then determining the weight of the crown, thus its density (Dijksterhuis, 2009). This information enabled him to determine the purity of the crown. Apart from his innovations, Archimedes participated in the defense of Sicily from the Romans. Sicily was considered a centre of political and geological activities, as an Island located between Carthage and Rome, Sicily was faced by the challenge of ally issues. That is, the King did not know whether to form an ally with either Rome or Carthage: This is because, forming an ally with i.e. Rome, could have led to enmity between Sicily and Carthage (Gow, 2005). Archimedes was given the responsibility of constructing walls to protect the city from Carthaginian or Roman attacks. He also developed war machines that could be used during attacks. In geometry, Archimedes contributed significantly towards the development of the basic principles of pivot as well as pulley system. He also contributed significantly towards the understanding of the principle of buoyancy, defined as the power of liquid to exert an upward force on an object placed in it (Paipetis, 2010). Archimedes died when Rome at tacked Syracuse, he was attacked by an enraged soldier, who had demanded that he accompany him to King Marcellus’ tent (Jaeger, 2008). In conclusion, Archimedes had a significant contribution to in mathematics and physics. His ideas regarding the calculation of density of objects immersed in water as well as the idea of buoyancy are currently used in various learning systems and in practical circumstances. Archimedes can also be considered a patriot owing to the fact that he defended his nation fearlessly from the cruel Roman Soldiers, an act that led to his death at 75 years (Archimedes, Netz Eutocius, 2004). Bibliography Archimedes., Netz, R. and Eutocius, (2004). The works of Archimedes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dijksterhuis, E. (2009). Archimedes. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Netz, R. and Noel, W. (2007). The Archimedes Codex. Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. Zannos, S. (2005). The life and times of Archimedes. Hockessin, Del.: Mitchell Lane.Geymonat, M. (2010). The Great Archimedes. Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press. Anderson, M. (2009). Archimedes of Syracuse: The chest of ideas : A historical novel. Faifield, Iowa: 1st World Publishing. Gow, M. (2005). Archimedes: Mathematical Genius of the Ancient World. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow. Paipetis, S. (2010). Archimedes’ Contribution in Physics and Mathematics. Dordrecht: Springer. Neal, C. (2011). Archimedes. New York: McGrawHill. Jaeger, M. (2008). Archimedes and the Roman imagination. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. How to cite Archimedes’ Autobiobraphy, Essay examples

Advice I Often Receive From Parents Essay Example For Students

Advice I Often Receive From Parents Essay A piece of advice that I often receive is as long as you do your best. This refers to success in everything from school to careers. I believe that this is good advice because it tells me that they trust my judgment and will respect my decisions, even if they are the wrong ones. This helps to take pressure off of me when I am going to school because I dont have to live up to certain standards and try to accomplish goals that are unattainable. Instead, I can just worry about doing the best I can. It is possible that I may have a career that is not the highest paying or the most prestigious. But as long as I am happy, and I do the job to the best of my ability, I will feel like I have accomplished something. This is good because many kids have to live up to expectations that they cant attain, or do something that they dont really enjoy in order to make their parents proud. The problem with saying as long as you do you best is that when I know I could have done a better job, I have a sort of guilty feeling. I hate it when I get a mediocre mark or fail in something and my parents say as long as you tried your hardest. It gets quite annoying when I second guess myself about what I could have done. However, when I know I did the work as well as I could and it isnt a good mark, I dont worry about it as much as some people might. In conclusion, the piece of advice that I receive most often from my parents is basically a good one, and often it keeps me motivated in the things I do. It also shows me that my parents will support most of my decisions and treat me like a responsible person. I believe that somewhere along the line. I will probably pass along the advice as long as you did your best to my children.

Politics in Egypt

Failure of Secular Political Movements In most cases, secular political movements fail because of lack of organization and the spontaneous nature of these groups. These groups often arise spontaneously without proper organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Politics in Egypt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The movements are, therefore, often not identified with a particular leader. The lack of predefined leadership agendas dents the movement’s strength as rivalries arise from the different groups constituting the movement. The movement, thus, has to handle challenges of institutionalizing their diverse interests. With time, various governance issues such as qualification of the leaders, the people to spearhead constitution making, what the constitution should entail, and scheduling of elations arise. Leadership wrangles are also dominant in absence of well defined succession plans. Despite the popula rity of the secular movements, internal rivalries are common. This was the cause of divisions in the Muslim brotherhood in the 1980s and 1990s where the group split along key personalities (Rutherford 89). Generational disparities also contribute to the failure of political movements. Internal divisions may arise due to reluctance to integrate the agendas of the different age groups, especially the young generation, into decision making organs. Conflict of interest across the generation and reluctance of leaders to give the young people the opportunity to utilize their skills can cause rivalry.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ideological differences may also come out across the generation, whereby the young generation may be willing to accommodate new concepts and ideas while the older generation of leaders is rigid. This was witnessed in the breakup of Muslim brotherhood in 1996 when the old generation of leaders refused to support the youth’s propositions of incorporating other groups into their organization (Rutherford 90). This caused the youths to split from the main organization and formed their political party, though not successful. Evolution of other organizations which are autonomous and financially well endowed threatens the political movements. This may be so when the emerging groups do not have commitment to the movement’s common goal, in spite of the groups being sympathizers of the movement. The movement, therefore, remains as an umbrella body for the different parties having divergent purposes and ideologies. The regime of the day may also impose repressive measures against the movement, often leading to disintegration of the movement. Threats, detention and imprisonment of the members of the movement often put the organizational structure of the movement into disarray, thus weakening it. The repressive measures can create leadership crises, impacting on the hold of the movement in the population. This is exemplified by the repression activities of the government in 1970s and 1980s that affected the organizational structure of the Muslim brotherhood. This reduced its influence among the different Islamic activists.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Politics in Egypt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government also elevated the generational differences across this group by cracking down on young members, whereas the older members who were the leaders did not respond to these sufferings (Rutherford 91). The movement may often appeal to the masses, spanning across social, religious, ideologies and all age differences. It can, therefore, be made up of people from all walks of life, including those in the economy, military, youth activists and politicians. Sectarian groups may take advantage of lack of proper leadership mechanisms an d pursue their interests once they have attained power, contributing to failure of the movement. For instance, the military may exercise too much power and attempt to exert regulations on the pace and type of change to be implemented. The military may often rule with decrees and such rule is not overseen by anybody, for example parliament or opposition. Thus, the military rules without consulting the general public on major issues (International Crisis Group 2). Common values of Islamists and Secularists Islamists and secularists share various dimensions of constitutionalism, among them being the, â€Å"rule of law, constraints on state power, protection of civil and political rights and public participation in politics† (Rutherford 101). In the rule of law, the Islamists and secularists have agreements on shar’ia as the basis of governance. Shari’a must be derived from the Qur’an or the Sunnah obtained from reliable sources.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shari’a defines the ethical and spiritual ways that the believer must follow to live a moral life in accordance with God’s ways. Thus, every believer is obliged to follow shar’ia. Shar’ia also establishes the legal and moral principles for a spiritually enriched society. Through demonstration of the expected moral values to be adhered to, shar’ia promotes harmony and stability in the nation. The Shar’ia teachings also stipulate that to lead a spiritual life, one must meditate and interact with fellow believers and practice the teachings. It is, thus, the responsibility of the state to steer the people to have good morals by enforcing shar’ia. These topics have no contention and are not subject to discussion, thus the Islamism and secularists have an accord. Issues that are not available in the Qur’an and Sunnah require formulation of laws that are in agreement with Shari’a. These laws must be generated through governance in different political, social, cultural, and economic settings. The man-made laws are established based on fundamental pillars of Shar’ia in relation to governance. These principles include, †to establish justice, to rule through consultation (shura), to govern in a manner accountable to the citizenry, to derive laws from the Islamic Shar’ia, and to respect the people’s rights† (Rutherford 103). Governance is, therefore, aimed at employing the central pillars of Shari’a to formulate laws. The people designing these laws must consider the expectation of the community while upholding the Shar’ia principles. The laws do not contradict Shar’ia if they address the needs of the community and are geared towards addressing the interests of the citizens. In addition, the formulated laws must cater for the expectations of the community and the unique nature of the demands at that time. The laws are also formulated by building consensus c oncerning the issue at hand, in accordance to shar’ia principles and reflecting diverse knowledge and opinions. The Shar’ia, thus, allows for application of non-Muslim ideologies to handle situations in life as long as the ideologies do not contradict the shar’ia. The laws should mirror the values and sense of justice. The Islamists and secularists believe that Muslims have to reinterpret religion to correspond with issues in the contemporary world. Governance by Shar’ia is reaffirmed when the citizens and state demonstrate honest attempts to behave as pertains to Islam and not just oriented towards the particular legislative outcome. Shari’a is based on protecting, â€Å"religion, rationality, property and wealthy† (Rutherford 122). This means that it is enforced to promote justice, fairness, and compassion, and thus laws that stratify these ethical issues are compliant with shar’ia. The process of formulating laws is important in re inforcing Shar’ia. This requires careful consideration of challenges facing the Egyptians and evaluating the possible laws that can help while reflecting Shari’a principles. The role of religious leaders is secondary to drafting the law and interpreting shar’ia. In constraints of state power, exercising state power is confined under Shari’a, hence the people can ignore or even impeach a leader whose conduct and rule contradicts Shari’a. The people have the freedom of expressing allegiance to the state that is founded on Shar’ia, and which responds to the community’s will. The leader is, thus, elected by the citizens and is responsible to them. The leader as a human being can make mistakes as he is not divine, hence he should always engage his subjects on major issues. The state must also be subjected to checks and balances, hence the essence of decentralizing powers to other governance organs and empowering civil societies (Rutherford 112). In protection of civil and political rights, Islamists and secularists have common values in upholding individual rights and freedom. All the citizens have rights to, â€Å"better living standards, life, dignity, and property† (Rutherford 113). Ideal governance is based on, â€Å"consultation, justice, freedom, equality and the accountability of the ruler† (Rutherford 113). Freedom to express one’s self, to think and inquire is essential in practicing Islam faith. Islamists and secularists also believe in public participation in politics. The people are, therefore, supposed to be involved in electing their leaders. By consulting the people, the state gives the citizens a chance to participate in determining governance. Status of Shar’ia under Mubarak and Current Discussions Shari’a is the main source of legislation in Egypt, under article 2 of the constitution. This means that all the legislations must be derived from the principles of Shari ’a. In interpretation of the article, the court in 1985 ruled that the principles of shar’ia must be applied into positive state law. The Shari’a has two principles; those which are express and cannot be debated, and those which can be applied in relation to different contexts. These relative principles are subject to interpretations while adhering to Shari’a. In Mubarak’s regime, two constitutional amendments were carried out but all of them left article 2 intact. Regarding family and personal status laws, the laws were ramified in accordance to shari’a; though this ramification was not comprehensive. Family conflicts such as divorce and alimony were put together to form one case in 2004 so that they can be heard by one court. Personal status laws are enacted by the parliament. The legislation of laws was often followed by some explanations to demonstrate how the laws were adopted and backing literature to justify the legislation (ISLAMOPED IA para 1). Current discussions Having ascended to power, Muslim brotherhood is advocating for consultative governance according to Islam. Muslim brotherhood perceives public engagement in politics as essential in governance. This can be promoted by carrying out free and fair elections in order to choose leaders who demonstrate accountability. This approach is, however, not shared by some scholars who see perceive embedded problems in mass politics, such as enactment of legislation that is not established on ethical principles of Islam (ISLAMOPEDIA para 1). Instead, these scholars are of the view that the state should put organs that can maintain checks and balances, for example a constitutional court that makes sure the formulated legislative measures are in accordance to Shari’a. After the ouster of Mubarak and subsequent entry of the new regime, constitutional plans to amend the constitution were initiated. The main discussions in the amendment of the constitution gravitat ed around article 2 which invokes shar’ia as the major source of laws. People opposed to this article cite it as being biased and the article does not address those people having divergent religious views. Those against the proposals to change article 2 were concerned that changing it was likely to cause sectarian rivalry (ISLAMOPEDIA para 2). However, as the secular groups are minorities, most people are opposed to amending the article. Works Cited International Crisis Group. â€Å"Popular protest in North Africa and the Middle East (1): Egypt Victorious?† Middle East/North Africa Report No. 101. 2012. Web. ISLAMOPEDIA. Islam and the state of post Mubarak era 2012. Web. Rutherford, Bruce K. Egypt after Mubarak: Liberalism, Islam, and democracy in the Arab world. Oxford: Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics, 2012. Print. This essay on Politics in Egypt was written and submitted by user Gemma Pacheco to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution deals with several aspects of U.S. citizenship and the rights of citizens. Ratified on July 9, 1868, during the post-Civil War era, the 14th, along with the 13th and 15th Amendments, are collectively known as the Reconstruction Amendments. Although the 14th Amendment was intended to protect the rights of the recently freed slaves, it has continued to play a major role in constitutional politics to this day.   In response to the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment, many Southern states enacted laws known as Black Codes designed to continue to deny African Americans certain rights and privileges enjoyed by white citizens. Under the states Black Codes, recently freed slaves were not allowed to travel widely, own certain types of property, or sue in court. In addition, African Americans could be jailed for not being able to repay their debts, leading to racially-discriminating labor practices like the leasing of convicts to private businesses. The 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Of the three Reconstruction amendments, the 14th is the most complicated and the one that has had the more unforeseen effects. Its broad goal was to reinforce the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which ensured that all persons born in the United States were citizens and were to be given full and equal benefit of all laws. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 protected the â€Å"civil† rights of all citizens, such as the right to sue, make contracts, and buy and sell property. However, it failed to protect â€Å"political† rights, like the right to vote and hold office, or â€Å"social† rights guaranteeing equal access to schools and other public accommodations. Congress had intentionally omitted those protections in hopes of averting the bill’s veto by President Andrew Johnson (1808–1875). When the Civil Rights Act landed on President Johnsons desk, he fulfilled his promise to veto it. Congress, in turn, overrode the veto and the measure became law. Johnson, a Tennessee Democrat and staunch supporter of states’ rights, had clashed repeatedly with the Republican-controlled Congress. Fearing President Johnson and Southern politicians would attempt to undo the protections of the Civil Rights Act, Republican congressional leaders began work on what would become the 14th Amendment. Ratification and the States After clearing Congress in June of 1866, the 14th Amendment went to the states for ratification. As a condition for readmittance to the Union, the former Confederate states were required to approve the amendment. This became a point of contention between Congress and Southern leaders. The 14th Amendment.   U.S. National Archives Connecticut was the first state to ratify the 14th Amendment on June 30, 1866. During the next two years, 28 states would ratify the amendment, although not without incident. Legislatures in Ohio and New Jersey both rescinded their states pro-amendment votes. In the South, Louisiana and North and South Carolina refused initially to ratify the amendment. Nevertheless, the 14th Amendment was declared formally ratified on July 28, 1868. The 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 With its passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, Congress attempted to bolster the 14th Amendment. Also known as the â€Å"Enforcement Act,† the 1875 Act guaranteed all citizens, regardless of race or color, equal access to public accommodations and transportation, and made it illegal to exempt them from serving on juries. In 1883, however, the U.S. Supreme Court, in its Civil Rights Cases decisions, overturned the public accommodation sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and declared that the 14th Amendment did not give Congress the power to dictate the affairs of private businesses.   As a result of the Civil Rights Cases, while African Americans had been declared legally â€Å"free† U.S. citizens by the 14th Amendment, they continue to face discrimination in society, economics, and politics into the 21st century. Amendment Sections The 14th Amendment contains five sections, of which the first contains the most impactful provisions.   Section One guarantees all rights and privileges of citizenship to any and all persons born or naturalized in the United States. It also guarantees all Americans their constitutional rights and prohibits the states from passing laws limiting those rights. Lastly, it ensures that no citizens right to life, liberty, or property will be denied without due process of law.    Section Two specifies that the process of apportionment used to fairly distribute seats in the U.S. House of Representatives among the states must be based on the whole population, including freed African American slaves. Prior to this, African Americans had been under-counted when apportioning representation. The section also guaranteed the right to vote to all male citizens age 21 years or older. Section Three forbids anyone who participates or has participated in â€Å"insurrection or rebellion† against the United States from holding any elected or appointed federal office. The section was intended to prevent former Confederate military officers and politicians from holding federal offices. Section Four addresses the federal debt by confirming that the neither the United States nor any state could be forced to pay for lost slaves or debts that had been incurred by the Confederacy as a result of their participation in the Civil War.   Section Five, also known as the Enforcement Clause, grants Congress the power to pass â€Å"appropriate legislation† as necessary to enforce all of the amendments other clauses and provisions. Key Clauses The four clauses of the first section of the 14th Amendment are the most important because they have repeatedly been cited in major Supreme Court cases concerning civil rights, presidential politics and the right to privacy. The Citizenship Clause The Citizenship Clause overrules the 1875 Supreme Court Dred Scott decision that freed African American slaves were not citizens, could not become citizens, and thus could never enjoy the benefits and protections of citizenship. The Citizenship Clause states that â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.† This clause played an important role in two Supreme Court cases: Elk v. Wilkins (1884) which addressed citizenship rights of Native Americans, and United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) which affirmed the citizenship of U.S.-born children of legal immigrants. The Privileges and Immunities Clause The Privileges and Immunities Clause states No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.  In the Slaughter-House Cases (1873), the Supreme Court recognized a difference between a persons rights as a U.S. citizen and their rights under state law. The ruling held that state laws could not impede a persons federal rights. In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), which overturned a Chicago ban on handguns, Justice Clarence Thomas cited this clause in his opinion supporting the ruling. The Due Process Clause The Due Process Clause says no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. Although this clause was intended to apply to professional contracts and transactions, over time it has become most closely cited in right-to-privacy cases. Notable Supreme Court cases that have turned on this issue include Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), which overturned a Connecticut ban on the sale of contraception; Roe v. Wade (1973), which overturned a Texas ban on abortion and lifted many restrictions on the practice nationwide; and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), which held that same-sex marriages deserved federal recognition. The Equal Protection Clause The Equal Protection Clause prevents states from denying to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.  The clause has become most closely associated with civil rights cases, particularly for African Americans. In Plessy v. Ferguson (1898) the Supreme Court ruled that Southern states could enforce racial segregation as long as separate but equal facilities existed for blacks and whites. It wouldnt be until Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that the Supreme Court would revisit this opinion, ultimately ruling that separate facilities were, in fact, unconstitutional. This key ruling opened the door for a number of significant civil rights and affirmative action court cases. Bush v. Gore (2001) also touched on the equal protection clause when a majority of justices ruled that the partial recount of presidential votes in Florida was unconstitutional because it was not being conducted the same way in all contested locations. The decision essentially decided the 2000 presidential election in George W. Bushs favor. The Lasting Legacy of the 14th Amendment Over time, numerous lawsuits have arisen that have referenced the 14th Amendment. The fact that the amendment uses the word state in the Privileges and Immunities Clause- along with interpretation of the Due Process Clause- has meant state power and federal power are both subject to the Bill of Rights. Further, the courts have interpreted the word person to include corporations. As a result, corporations are also protected by due process along with being granted equal protection. While there were other clauses in the amendment, none were as significant as these. Updated by Robert Longley   Sources and Further Reading Baer, Judith A. Equality Under the Constitution: Reclaiming the Fourteenth Amendment. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.  Lash, Kurt T. The Fourteenth Amendment and the Privileges and Immunities of American Citizenship. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014.Nelson, William E. The Fourteenth Amendment: From Political Principle to Judicial Doctrine. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1988

N Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

N - Assignment Example Planning should focus on the most important issues that will determine the success or failure of a hospital. Strategic planning aims at ensuring a hospital can adapt in the ever changing environment. A vision statement has to be developed which describes future objectives of the hospital. The mission statement of the hospital also has to be reviewed. The mission statement has to specific and a representation of what the hospital will be in future. It also develops guiding principles which act as a base for the strategic planning process. Strategies should be closely linked to the vision and mission of the hospital. This will create certainty in achievement of goals and objectives as there will be no changes which will disrupt the relevance of the strategic plan. Responsibility has to be assigned to relevant stakeholders with a main focus on the objectives, strategies and goals and the resources required to achieve outlined objectives should be determined. This will act as a guide for all the activities. Objectives will be achieved within the specified time frame and this will direct the ho spital towards attainment of its goals and objectives. A strategic plan is defined as a document which contains goals, objectives, vision and mission statement of an organization and how stakeholders would achieve the objects within a specific time period. The plan is used to identify how available resources within an organization can be utilized to ensure success. A business plan, on the other hand, is a statement used to evaluate a business and future business plans. It demonstrates to other individuals the main activities of the business. Daily operations of a hospital reflect outlined strategic goals and objectives since the hospital and the medical staff is aware of activities that have to be carried out to ensure hospital’s success. This is also evident through monitoring as operations are followed up and updated due to the

Where I am going. My Personal Story as a Proud Mother of Two Essay

Where I am going. My Personal Story as a Proud Mother of Two - Essay Example I am a year into my thirties and a proud mother of two. As a teenager, I was an ambitious young girl with high academic records and had a passion for teaching. Unfortunately, my family's financial situation made it unfeasible for me to pursue college education. However, now that I am capable of sponsoring my education by myself, I will not let my parenthood or marital status keep me from achieving my life's goals because I finally have an opportunity to fulfill my academic pursuits and now that my children are grown up enough, I can comfortably divide my time between parenting and studying. I realize that it is a long way and the way is hard and that I will probably be old by the time I reach the end of it but the end will be better than the beginning. Now that I have a motivating factor, I am capable of giving my life a direction that I want. At the same time I will have to motivate my children and help them in organizing their lives and personalities. I hope to graduate proudly with an English Honors Degree in the year 2009 although I am prepared for the fact that it might take me a little longer than that owing to my domestic responsibilities. But nevertheless, it is "better to be late than never!" One of the major concerns of college going mothers is finding the money to finance their education. Because they work full-time, receive good salaries, or hold certain assets, they may find their financial aid award is not enough to meet their needs without taking out costly student loans. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick but one should not let this shake one's faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did because my work is going to fill a large part of my life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. I am aware that life does not last forever, so I do not want to be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. I don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. Most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become and everything else is secondary. Can today's working and mothers over 25 overcome the stress and anxiety they feel when they return to a big city University, in a degree program, after years of being out of the classroom I think the stress and anxiety involved is actually necessary for mothers like me to fuel our efficiency and pushes us, but too much of it should be avoided to enable us to be successful in our endeavors. Being in most households the mother is the backbone of the family and the burden of creating family structure is always on her. Similarly, I will need to constitute new boundaries, guidelines and roles with the family, so I can focus on academics. A mental preparation is necessary in order to deter some anxieties that may occur during this transition. One must learn how to stay focus on their goal and to think positively. Careful planning is essential for a working mom returning to school, otherwise she may find that she is overexerting herself and could begin to suffer from mental and emotional pr oblems including depression and chronic anxiety. I plan to set realistic goals for myself considering I may have an abundance of tasks to complete for work and college, so it's important to limit the disruptions at work so that I won't jeopardize my employment. I see myself making use of weekend courses and extra classes and accessing libraries

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example In every year starting from 1970 and ending at 1979, the number of references remained 20. The number of references approximately doubled with the start of the year 1980 i.e. the number of references increased from 20 to 41. In the decade between 1980 and 1989, each year saw a total number of references of 41. The number of references did not increase from 41 until the start of the year 1990, when another 21 references were added to the total to make them 62. It is noteworthy that the addition in the number of references at the junction between the end of 1979 and the start of 1980 is exactly equal to the addition in the number of references at the interface between 1989 and 1990. Each transition was equal to the addition of 21 references to the total. Starting from the year 1990 till the year 1999, the number of references remained stable at 62. Right at the point of transition between 1999 and 2000, the number of references approximately showed a five-fold increase, thus becoming 3 00 in the year 2000 from only 62 in the year 1999. The number of references remained 300 in each year between 2000 and 2009. Overall, the increase of the number of references from 1960 to 2009 occurred in such a way that makes the pattern of stairs. Every decade from 1960 to 2009 represents one tread of the stair and every riser of this staircase is a point of transition between one decade and another. Overall, there has been an increase in the number of references from 1960 to 2009, with the number remaining constant for each decade between the two years. It is also noteworthy that the references increased by small numbers in the starting years, but suddenly shot up at the junction between the year 1999 and the year 2000. With the onset of the 21st century, there occurred an immense transition in the number of references. In just a matter of fifty years, the number of references that were non-existent in the year 1960 and remained so

Analysis of Family Dynamics for Therapy: Case Study

Analysis of Family Dynamics for Therapy: Case Study When a family comes in for therapy, the therapist needs to take into consideration different circumstances a family may have that is different from their own cultural background; whether it is race, religion, family structure, socioeconomic status, or core values. I chose Seven Heaven show which was an 11 year series about a family who the father is a well-known respected pastor of the town community church, whom lives on a basic salary from what he makes from the church, mom doesn’t work outside the home however everything inside the home to make her husband and children happy does. As the therapist of the Camden family, I will discuss how I will integrate multicultural consideration in working with this family, then conceptualize the family’s strengths, weaknesses, structure, and dynamics. Finally the therapist will discuss how she will intervene in helping this family. Erik and Annie Camden and their seven children came in for family therapy because Erik recently had a heart attack and the doctor said he need to lessen the stress in his life. He is the Minister of the local church and will sacrifice his family for the needs of the church. His wife  Annie is overwhelmed with trying to raise seven perfect minister children. She is jealous with her husband spending so much time with women in the church and many times not come home for dinner. When talking to the parents and children these are the main concerns about each of the children: Matt is 20 just started college and moved back home because he felt his family needed him after his dad’s heart attack. Mary 18 is on probation after vandalizing her school after being mad at her bb coach for terminating basketball due to girls on the team grades. Lucy 16.5 is a well-adjusted young women than tries to keep her others siblings out of trouble. Simon 15-Sassy towards his parents, sneaks out to s ee girls and lies to cover up the truth. Ruthie 12-stick her nose in everyone’s business, lies to stay out of trouble,. Sam and David are busy five year old twins. Conceptualize of family dynamics One of the first things that need to be done is to conceptualize their family’s strengths, weaknesses, structure, and dynamics in order to bring the family back into balance. Erik parents were very strict and Annie parents were very lenient; however, Erik and Annie were firm but loving in their discipline with the children. They always came up with a punishment together and they never went behind one another’s back nor withheld anything from each other concerning their children Erik and Annie take their parenteral roles seriously where they don’t take time for themselves to the point Annie was close to a breakdown and Erik had a heart attack. Likewise Erik took his job as a pastor seriously to the point Annie was jealous and felt neglected because he spent more time helping members of their church day or night even when Annie needed his help with one or more of the children. One of the issues is the Camden’s children stick up for each other for, when someone does something wrong one or more of their siblings will cover for them. For example, Mary got into financial debt and Luck, Matt, and Simon came up with braking into Sam and David’s penny bank so that Mary will have money to pay her debts. Although it was thoughtful, it enabled Mary to be irresponsible where she continued down the road of destruction by lowering her payments so that she can have left over money to use for alcohol. Another issue the Camden’s lack were boundaries, first is Eric and Anne had a good personal intimacy relationship; however, they would not lock their door and the children would come into their parents room without knocking and at least once each of the children have walked in on their parents. The kids would invade each other’s boundaries by getting into each other personal space by either assuming their sibling was doing something wrong and preventing them from making a mistake that might not even been the case. For example, Simon went to a party, he lied where he was going, and Matt figured it out thinking alcohol was being served and went and broke him out of the party where alcohol was not served. Matt is the first born This structure is not always healthy because first born tend to seek power as a way to insure their place in the family (Nichols 2013). Matt tries to rescue his other siblings making sure they are taken care of to the point he is overinvolved emotio nally so that he does not have to face his own needs, thus causing him focus on his siblings not himself (Nichols, 2013). When children get into fights their mom is right there to settle it, Nichols (2013) mentions that this causes children not to feel treated equally the same because they are deprived of settling their disagreements, thus learns to depends on others to settle their differences. Some of the Camden’s are well adjusted and show strong differential of self where they don’t respond to emotional stress and act appropriately during times of anxiety (Nichols, 2013). For example, Lucy, she is emotional stable, she is able to make her own decisions and communicate her feelings. She can stand on her own; however, she is able to ask for advice when she is stuck. Unlike Mary, her older sister, Mary will react to peer pressure, she will respond with defiance when things in her life are unfair such as, vandalize the gym because she got kicked off the basketball team. Treatment After talking with the whole family the focus of therapy the Camden’s clearly mentioned were boundaries within the family dynamic, Mary’s behavior problems, not necessarily dad’s heart attack and spending too much time doing church work and mom’s jealousy over it. Utilizing structured therapy in helping the Camden’s family clearly needs to set appropriate boundaries in many different areas of their family: children/children, parents/children, home/church, and romantic relationship between the parents. Structured therapy is used to direct in changing the old patterns so that the family can then solve their problems (Nichols 2013). First of all Eric and Anne will form a tighter partnership (Nicholas, 2013) as they form boundaries between Eric’s church responsibilities and the relationship between them and their children. They will set clear boundaries of rules Eric will follow with his church work such as he will work only 40 hours a week and limit his time alone with female members of his congregation, and he will be home each night in time for dinner even if he has to go back to finish a job later in the night. Anne will respect Eric judgment when it comes to working with female members of their church. Boundaries within the family would that Eric and Anne will have a lock on their bedroom door and teach the children to not come in their room when it is closed and only knock on the door when it is an emergency. This way the children do not assume they are only in their room having sexual relationships but talking or watching a movie together. Using experiential therapy would be not to solve the Camden’s problems within the family but for each family member to express themselves to uncover their true emotions (Nicholas, 2013). This will work well with Camden family because there are many unspoken emotions. The parents and children alike will enable the family member thus preventing consequence to happen. For example, mom will solve children conflicts thus alienating further arguments however, it prevents them from leaving to solve their conflicts within the family. Another example, is Mary’s siblings gave her money to prevent further debt instead of helping her learn money management skills. Experiential therapy will be used to allow family member to be themselves, they do not need to put on a show but to share experiences in a functional way which will lead to a more honest interaction between family members (Nicholas, 2013). I think doing the puppets with the Camden’s family will be the best experiential technique to use. It will help highlight conflicts the Camden’s have with each other in a safe environment to express anger they might have with each other (Nicholas, 2013). I also feel using Experiential would also help Mary act out her feeling she has about her basketball coach in a positive way. This will help her see the direct consequence her behavior caused and hopefully come to her own conclusion how she could of handled it without family members or therapist telling her, therefore lessen her defiance towards her parents. A counselor religious or not will take into consideration the religious background of their clients. Being a multicultural competent counselor I would need to explore how religion and spirituality should be integrated into counseling. For example, being LDS and the Camden’s of a protent faith, I would need to make sure that my values are not forced onto the Camden’s (Balkin, Schlosser, Levitt, 2009). Since the Camden’s are quite religious, Eric, being the minister, I would need to make sure that I am not downplaying his believes such as they shouldn’t drink which drinking according to his faith is not wrong nor think he should be less on his children do to my believes. Working with a religious family as the Camden’s, the counselor would need to integrate that in therapy with the family. Structured therapy would help a family who struggle with setting clear boundaries. Using experiential therapy will work with a family that needs to work on expressing their unspoken emotions. I believe integrating these two therapy approaches will bring the Camden’s family back into balance as they work on problems they identified as issues. References Balkin, R. S., Schlosser, L. Z., Levitt, D. H. (2009). Religious identity and cultural diversity:  Exploring the relationships between religious identity, sexism, homophobia, and  multicultural competence. Journal of Counseling and Development : 87(4),  420-427. Nichols, M. (2013). Family therapy: Concepts and methods 10th Ed. Boston: Allyn Bacon

Can a fingerprint be reproduced? :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Can a fingerprint be reproduced? Imagine the guilt a wife and mother would feel knowing that carrying out her daily routine of waking her husband, so he could get ready for work, would cause her never to see him again. To just send him off as she has done for the past thirty-two years would cause such heartbreak for her and her family. For her to remember the way he would turn on all the lights and make as much noise as possible to keep her awake so that he could get a good-bye kiss. And to think that that kiss would be their last one because when he arrives at work, takes the elevator to the fifty-second floor, and takes a seat at his desk a terrorist would fly an airplane into his building, The World Trade Center. On that dark day, The World Trade Center became a burial ground. Thousands of people lost their lives because of someone’s warped view of religion. Because of this warped view, we as a country have to make the difficult decision of what to do with the empty area where the Twin Towers once stood. People are divided on what to do with this are in the middle of Manhattan. Should we, as a nation, rebuild The World Trade Center or make a memorial in its place? Many factors play on this decision. For example, it is prime real estate. Yet, on the other hand, it is sacred ground. A place of reverence and a place of remembrance of those lives lost in the tragedy that occurred on 9-11. People from all over the United States of America came to this one spot not to view or exploit the vacancy but to remember the totality of the two towers by remembering the employees, the bystanders, and all the police officers and fire fighters who lost their lives to save others. Strangers came together to pay their respects to the dead and to show their loyalty and support to their country. After September 11, this site has become more than a national landmark. People used to come and be in awe because of the magnificence of the two buildings, but now they come for something else. This is another reason it is so difficult to decide on what to do with this void in the New York skyline. People want a place that they can go and remember their loved ones that have passed because of the tragedy on September 11, 2001.

Admission Questions

There is a Quaker saying: †Let your life speak.† Describe the environment in which you were raised–your family, home, neighborhood or community–and how it influenced the person you are today. (200 words, 2000 characters)I live in a family of four which includes my mom, my grandparents, and I. My mom worked long hours, so my grandparents looked after me and gave me all love and care. I took over the challenging responsibility of regularly giving him eye drops. He hated receiving them and made my job more challenging when he wouldn’t cooperate, but I never gave up. Today I am more confident with all the challenges faced so early in life.I now have a new perspective of my family and self. I have learned to embrace the reality and the facts of leading a positive life. Looking back, I realize that I am lucky to have shared the relationship I have with my grandparents. Instead of turning away from them, I stood by them and coped with them, often setting asi de my personal interests. The unbreakable connection I have with my grandparents is truly unique.I have deep respect and care for the elderly because I have learned that every second spent is precious and there is no end to learning. At the end, I learnt that my perception of an incomplete family just never existed and it changed my perception.2. College of Arts and Sciences: What work of art, music, science, mathematics, or literature has surprised, unsettled, or challenged you, and in what way?I like mathematics because it is challenging to me and I enjoy it. I actively seek and investigate its profound mystery. I feel exciting sense of achievement in solving complicated calculus questions and also obtain imagery recognition of a matter from analyzing it quantitatively. Mathematics’ charms and challenges are found in the fact that it is the spirit of all kinds of science.People can conclude the physic principle by studying calculus and can build a program by using mathemati cs formula. I am confident to continue exploring, studying and challenging mathematics and emerge as a better surprising research associate.

I Am Sam

Mikaela McMorine October 21st, 2012 Analyzing an Interview Movie: I Am Sam (directed by Jessie Nelson) The individuals involved in the interview are a man diagnosed with Autism (subject S) and a female lawyer (subject R). They are connected through a professional-helping relationship. The incidents leading up to the interview are with regards to a custody battle concerning subject S and his seven year old daughter. His doctors have declared that the intellectual capacity of subject S does not exceed the age of seven.The issue arises when Child Protective Services deem subject S unfit and incapable of raising his daughter due to the fact that he is unable to hold down a steady job and that his daughter will eventually surpass his brain capacity in age. Subject S makes the conscious decision of hiring a lawyer to plead his case. The lawyer in question, or subject R, chooses to provide services to subject S free of charge. During the custody battle, subject S is granted the opportunity to have short, supervised visits with his daughter.Shortly before the occurring of the interview, subject S and his daughter meet, followed by his daughter proposing to go to the park. She lies and tells him that the social worker gave her permission to go with him due to the fact that she did not spend enough time with him and she was crying. Once on their way, she explains to her father that the only possible way for them to be together was to run away. Subject S, makes the concrete decision to find his way to the police station and return his daughter to the social worker.This scene is followed by a court hearing where they call upon subject S’s neighbor as a witness. Earlier on at the start of the movie we see that this neighbor aids subject S in taking proper care of his daughter. Subject S has been promoted in his job from cleaning the restaurant to making the drinks. On the first day of his new position, the restaurant is very busy and subject S begins working too fast , causing him to make a mess and send away some customers. He then attends his court hearing, covered in coffee and still dressed in his work clothes, where he is asked multiple uestions about his ability to care for his daughter. Nearing the end of the hearing, subject S is faced with questions that result in him crying and agreeing with the fact that he is unable to take care of his daughter. After this hearing, he gets to see his daughter for a matter of seconds before she is literally ripped from his very arms. Later, subject S is seen observing his daughter outside of her foster home from a distance with flowers and a card in hand. Then, the foster mom joins the daughter where she explains that her father is supposed to come visit for her birthday that day.Upon seeing the arrival of the foster mom, subject S decides to leave without getting a chance to see his daughter. The young girl waits for her father and hugs her teddy bear with tears in her eyes when he does not show up. After this, subject S is seen in his room banging his head on a miniature piano with the blinds closed. Subsequently, the subject begins making origami figures which he then stacks up to create a wall. Subject R comes to his house and begins to yell at him through the locked door. She explains that she left work early to meet him at his first evaluation only to find out that he did not show.After shouting for a few minutes, she threatens to leave but turns around and kicks down the door. This is the exact moment leading up to the interview. After discussing about the incident the occurred at subject S’s job, he states that he believes his daughter no longer needs him because she has a new family now. Subject R expresses that she disagrees with this notion and that he should never give up trying. The goal of the interview that follows is for subject R to encourage subject S to keep fighting for the custody of his daughter.Sam is the main character in the movie. He is approxima tely 30 years old and has a developmental disability. He has the mental capacity of a seven year old, the same age as his daughter. This has posed a great problem for Sam, as he must now fight for custody of his daughter, with the help of his lawyer, Rita. The problem for Sam is that in a year, his daughter will have developed more intellectually than he ever will, making him unsuitable to raise a child, let alone a young adult in the eyes of the defence. Sam's self-concept is quite complex.There is no doubt in his mind that he is capable of raising his daughter, and providing her with the tender, love and care that she needs. To him, no one understands Lucy as well as he does, nor do they know how to adequately take care of her. As shown in the interview scene, Sam seems to think no one truly understands what it's like to have a mental disability. As he says in the interview, â€Å"You don't know what it's like when you try and you try and you try and you don't ever get there beca use, because you were born perfect and I was born like this. † He also states that, â€Å"People like you (Rita) don't know what it’s like to get hurted†¦ eople like you don't feel anything. † These things were said in a moment of anger and distraught, and it told us a lot about how Sam feels deep down about his disability. Sam's self-concept is not distorted and he strongly believes that he is a stable adult, capable of raising his daughter. Constantly needing to defend his rights throughout the movie, Sam's self-concept becomes evident, and is clearly accurate. According to Sam, being a good parent is about â€Å"constancy and patience and listening and pretending to listen when you can't listen anymore.It's all about love. † Stemming from this, Sam has come to the conclusion that he is an adequate parent, and that Lucy has everything she needs when living with him, and being under his care. Sam knows he is far from being the perfect parent, and he is realistic about it. Being a competent father is a huge part of Sam's self-concept, and he is, which proves that it is accurate. In Sam's case, it is particularly hard to decipher his non-verbal communication from a bodily movement he can't control due to his disability.The first non-verbal cue I noticed was the sucking of his bottom lip, indicating that he felt uneasy and did not know how to react to Rita's tears. Secondly, when Rita raises her voice, we see that Sam instinctively pulled back, with a look of shock written across his face. Thirdly, as Rita starts to regain her calm but is still very sad, we see Sam's eyebrows raise and his mouth start to pout, making him look very sad and empathetic. Fourthly, as he approaches Rita to console her as she begins to cry, Sam uses his fingers to gently pat Rita, as if to say â€Å"I'm here for you, you're not alone. Lastly, Sam gives Rita a hug, which is a clear indicator that Sam sees and reacts to strong feelings, and knows how to act appropriately and comfort someone. Many verbal messages were exchanged during the interview. â€Å"Lucy doesn't need me anymore† is the first thing Sam says that seems to have triggered the exchange between him and Rita.Sam is conveying the fact that he believes Lucy doesn't need him anymore simply because she has a â€Å"new† family, he says this with a great amount of vulnerability in his voice, showing us the thought truly bothers him. The second verbal message that Sam conveys was said with a lot more anger and emotion. †¦ and you're perfect. People like you don't know, people like you don't know what it's like to get hurted, because you don't have feelings. People like you don't feel anything. † In that very moment, Sam is indicating to Rita that he is at his wit's end, and that he feels misunderstood and helpless. Lastly, when Sam says to Rita, â€Å"You're enough. You're much more than enough† we are seeing a completely different side of Sa m, one that is tender, and empathetic and that feels the same pain that Rita was feeling in that moment. His verbal communication is telling us that he knows how to comfort someone.Yes, Sam's non-verbal cues are congruent with his verbal messages. During the interview, Rita was clearly upset, and Sam's nonverbal cues indicated his empathy and uneasiness (i. e: sucking his bottom lip and pouting his mouth) which were congruent with his words aimed at consoling Rita, and making her feel better (i. e: â€Å"You're enough, you're more than enough. †). Sam's consistent use of verbal and non-verbal communication messages reveal a lot about Sam's character, self-concept and abilities. For example, Sam revealed to us that he feels terribly misunderstood by his peers and by Rita.He feels un-capable of getting his point across, resulting in Sam's voice raising and him getting angry. Another instance where we gained insight about Sam was when Rita broke down and started crying, his firs t reaction was to approach her, and gently caress her, showing us that he is very empathetic, understands emotions and knows how to react to them appropriately, which is an important ability. I believe that no emotional barriers were interfering with Sam's ability to communicate his feelings. His disability allows him to be extremely sensitive, empathetic and emotional.He â€Å"feels† more than the average person, and many things in his life affect him immensely. He is passionate, which gained him the ability to fight for his daughter as hard as he did. Actually, Sam believes people do not â€Å"feel† as much as he does, because they don't know how it feels to truly be hurt, like he has. That is why i believe emotional barriers are the least of Sam's problems. Referring to the communication process diagram, I believe there is nothing hindering the communication process. Messages are both being sent and received, and interpreted well and fully. Sam and Rita both share a good communication rocess. Rita walks into Sam’s apartment after breaking down the door unprofessionally. She comes up to Sam to talk about his evaluation that day with Child Protective Services. Sam breaks down in tears and begins to tell her that she doesn’t understand and that she will never know what he is going through. This is when Rita tells Sam that she isn’t perfect and that she does understand how he is feeling; the hurt, the pain and the incapability to fulfil their ambitions. Rita admits to Sam that she is not perfect, that she has a son that hates her and a husband that is cheating on her.At this moment, she is not establishing a professional relationship because she discloses her feelings and emotions to her client. Many factors demonstrate that the interviewer is unable to check her perception at this point in the movie. Due to the fact that she is breaking down in tears and mentally, she cannot take the time to sit down and analyze the situation rationally. At this point in the film she is consumed by the problems that she is having in her home-life and is incapable of putting forth techniques to check her perception of the client’s situation.Rita is very verbally expressive; she does not hide what she is feeling either mentally nor physically. She has built up so many walls lined with hurt, frustration and anger that she had finally hit her breaking point. She expressed everything she was feeling and how mad she has been for so long. At this point she says that realizes that she needs to change her life because she too has made mistakes in the past. Sam tells Rita that people like her have no feelings because people like her are born perfect when Sam was born as he was.This causes her to tear down Sam's origami wall and get close to him and say, â€Å"You think you have it pegged on human suffering? Let me tell you something about people like me. People like me feel lost, little, ugly, and dispensable, people like me have husbands cheating on them with people far more perfect then me. People like me have sons that hate them. † By saying this Rita is making Sam realize that he is not the only one with problems and that she is going through things that are equivalently terrible as losing his daughter.She is testing his ability to have an understanding and empathy for what is going on in her life. At this point in the film Sam’s perception of Rita has dramatically changed. This is caused by the abrupt moment when Rita begins countering her problems with Sam’s (ex: her husband cheating on her and her son hating her, then comparing it to Sam’s problem of losing Lucy). She is testing him to see if he will admit that she is, in fact, un-perfect like Sam himself and everyone else in the world. Rita uses assertiveness when she is communicating with Sam.Her language is direct and honest when explains to Sam that she is not perfect and that people like her feel, lost, little, ugly and dispensable. She uses a firm tone of voice to get her message across and try to make it clear to Sam that no human being is perfect, including herself. Rita uses emotive language when she talks to Sam. She expresses her feelings in a disruptive or controlling way. She isn’t simply telling Sam that she is having a bad day and that she needs to talk, but instead is expresses her anger in a disorderly way.For example, when she storms over to Sam and tears down his origami wall, because what he said had triggered something in her. Rita when communicating also uses a lot of â€Å"I† and â€Å"but† statements. It is obvious that the situation is revolving around her at this point and not the client. She explains to Sam that she knows the way she treats her son is not right, yet she feels she has no choice but to be this way, â€Å"He looks at me with such anger and I hate him then, I know I failed you, I know I’m disappointing you, I know you deserve better. But get in the F***king car†.Rita uses kinesics in an intentional fashion to show Sam that she was irritated and frustrated. She chooses to walk over to the origami wall, knocking it out of her way and intruding Sam's space to make him feel intimidated and uncomfortable. You can clearly see that she is tense and offended at what Sam has said to her. Rita demonstrates individual factors that reveal how she is feeling; the tone of her voice gets really low when she is being serious and reaches a topic that is sensitive to her. Throughout the scene her tone of her voice changes.When she is explaining to Sam that she is far less than perfect, she raises her tone of voice to put emphasis on what she is saying. Rita uses the external factors to her advantage. She intrudes Sam’s personal space to make herself heard. This also exhibits territorialism because by tearing down the origami wall that Sam had made she is clearly stating that she is in control at this moment. Rita also uses Chronemics frequently to regulate her communication. To allow the information to sink in she uses small pauses between statements such as, â€Å"You think you got the market cornered?†¦ on human suffering?†¦Let me tell you something about people like me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Rita’s verbal and non-verbal communication is very congruent. A perfect example would be when Sam says you don’t know Rita turns around and throws her hands in the air saying, â€Å"I don’t know what? † this proves that she is feeling frustrated (her hands thrown up as a sign of giving up due to frustration). Another example is after she knocks down the origami wall she points at Sam and says â€Å"You think you got the market cornered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this shows that she is directly stating her comment towards him and the pointed finger provides that extra shove towards Sam.When Sam tells Rita that she doesn’t understand him because she was born perfect, her h ead is seen pulled back slightly. Sam begins saying things to her such as, â€Å"People like you don’t know† which results in Rita replying with, â€Å"People like me? † This demonstrates that Rita is effectively listening to what Sam has to say. She uses techniques such as prompting to demonstrate that she has understood what Sam has said. The way that Rita acts throughout the interview is very unprofessional.Examples of this are the way she stormed over to Sam and tore down his origami wall and the way that she speaks to him. She has forgotten that Sam has the mental capacity of a 7 year old and treats their relationship on a much more personal level. She does not keep a professional distance from her client because she opens her heart to him as though the two were friends. She shares with him information about her son and husband, when the focus is supposed to be on Sam and his battle for custody of his daughter. I Am Sam Mikaela McMorine October 21st, 2012 Analyzing an Interview Movie: I Am Sam (directed by Jessie Nelson) The individuals involved in the interview are a man diagnosed with Autism (subject S) and a female lawyer (subject R). They are connected through a professional-helping relationship. The incidents leading up to the interview are with regards to a custody battle concerning subject S and his seven year old daughter. His doctors have declared that the intellectual capacity of subject S does not exceed the age of seven.The issue arises when Child Protective Services deem subject S unfit and incapable of raising his daughter due to the fact that he is unable to hold down a steady job and that his daughter will eventually surpass his brain capacity in age. Subject S makes the conscious decision of hiring a lawyer to plead his case. The lawyer in question, or subject R, chooses to provide services to subject S free of charge. During the custody battle, subject S is granted the opportunity to have short, supervised visits with his daughter.Shortly before the occurring of the interview, subject S and his daughter meet, followed by his daughter proposing to go to the park. She lies and tells him that the social worker gave her permission to go with him due to the fact that she did not spend enough time with him and she was crying. Once on their way, she explains to her father that the only possible way for them to be together was to run away. Subject S, makes the concrete decision to find his way to the police station and return his daughter to the social worker.This scene is followed by a court hearing where they call upon subject S’s neighbor as a witness. Earlier on at the start of the movie we see that this neighbor aids subject S in taking proper care of his daughter. Subject S has been promoted in his job from cleaning the restaurant to making the drinks. On the first day of his new position, the restaurant is very busy and subject S begins working too fast , causing him to make a mess and send away some customers. He then attends his court hearing, covered in coffee and still dressed in his work clothes, where he is asked multiple uestions about his ability to care for his daughter. Nearing the end of the hearing, subject S is faced with questions that result in him crying and agreeing with the fact that he is unable to take care of his daughter. After this hearing, he gets to see his daughter for a matter of seconds before she is literally ripped from his very arms. Later, subject S is seen observing his daughter outside of her foster home from a distance with flowers and a card in hand. Then, the foster mom joins the daughter where she explains that her father is supposed to come visit for her birthday that day.Upon seeing the arrival of the foster mom, subject S decides to leave without getting a chance to see his daughter. The young girl waits for her father and hugs her teddy bear with tears in her eyes when he does not show up. After this, subject S is seen in his room banging his head on a miniature piano with the blinds closed. Subsequently, the subject begins making origami figures which he then stacks up to create a wall. Subject R comes to his house and begins to yell at him through the locked door. She explains that she left work early to meet him at his first evaluation only to find out that he did not show.After shouting for a few minutes, she threatens to leave but turns around and kicks down the door. This is the exact moment leading up to the interview. After discussing about the incident the occurred at subject S’s job, he states that he believes his daughter no longer needs him because she has a new family now. Subject R expresses that she disagrees with this notion and that he should never give up trying. The goal of the interview that follows is for subject R to encourage subject S to keep fighting for the custody of his daughter.Sam is the main character in the movie. He is approxima tely 30 years old and has a developmental disability. He has the mental capacity of a seven year old, the same age as his daughter. This has posed a great problem for Sam, as he must now fight for custody of his daughter, with the help of his lawyer, Rita. The problem for Sam is that in a year, his daughter will have developed more intellectually than he ever will, making him unsuitable to raise a child, let alone a young adult in the eyes of the defence. Sam's self-concept is quite complex.There is no doubt in his mind that he is capable of raising his daughter, and providing her with the tender, love and care that she needs. To him, no one understands Lucy as well as he does, nor do they know how to adequately take care of her. As shown in the interview scene, Sam seems to think no one truly understands what it's like to have a mental disability. As he says in the interview, â€Å"You don't know what it's like when you try and you try and you try and you don't ever get there beca use, because you were born perfect and I was born like this. † He also states that, â€Å"People like you (Rita) don't know what it’s like to get hurted†¦ eople like you don't feel anything. † These things were said in a moment of anger and distraught, and it told us a lot about how Sam feels deep down about his disability. Sam's self-concept is not distorted and he strongly believes that he is a stable adult, capable of raising his daughter. Constantly needing to defend his rights throughout the movie, Sam's self-concept becomes evident, and is clearly accurate. According to Sam, being a good parent is about â€Å"constancy and patience and listening and pretending to listen when you can't listen anymore.It's all about love. † Stemming from this, Sam has come to the conclusion that he is an adequate parent, and that Lucy has everything she needs when living with him, and being under his care. Sam knows he is far from being the perfect parent, and he is realistic about it. Being a competent father is a huge part of Sam's self-concept, and he is, which proves that it is accurate. In Sam's case, it is particularly hard to decipher his non-verbal communication from a bodily movement he can't control due to his disability.The first non-verbal cue I noticed was the sucking of his bottom lip, indicating that he felt uneasy and did not know how to react to Rita's tears. Secondly, when Rita raises her voice, we see that Sam instinctively pulled back, with a look of shock written across his face. Thirdly, as Rita starts to regain her calm but is still very sad, we see Sam's eyebrows raise and his mouth start to pout, making him look very sad and empathetic. Fourthly, as he approaches Rita to console her as she begins to cry, Sam uses his fingers to gently pat Rita, as if to say â€Å"I'm here for you, you're not alone. Lastly, Sam gives Rita a hug, which is a clear indicator that Sam sees and reacts to strong feelings, and knows how to act appropriately and comfort someone. Many verbal messages were exchanged during the interview. â€Å"Lucy doesn't need me anymore† is the first thing Sam says that seems to have triggered the exchange between him and Rita.Sam is conveying the fact that he believes Lucy doesn't need him anymore simply because she has a â€Å"new† family, he says this with a great amount of vulnerability in his voice, showing us the thought truly bothers him. The second verbal message that Sam conveys was said with a lot more anger and emotion. †¦ and you're perfect. People like you don't know, people like you don't know what it's like to get hurted, because you don't have feelings. People like you don't feel anything. † In that very moment, Sam is indicating to Rita that he is at his wit's end, and that he feels misunderstood and helpless. Lastly, when Sam says to Rita, â€Å"You're enough. You're much more than enough† we are seeing a completely different side of Sa m, one that is tender, and empathetic and that feels the same pain that Rita was feeling in that moment. His verbal communication is telling us that he knows how to comfort someone.Yes, Sam's non-verbal cues are congruent with his verbal messages. During the interview, Rita was clearly upset, and Sam's nonverbal cues indicated his empathy and uneasiness (i. e: sucking his bottom lip and pouting his mouth) which were congruent with his words aimed at consoling Rita, and making her feel better (i. e: â€Å"You're enough, you're more than enough. †). Sam's consistent use of verbal and non-verbal communication messages reveal a lot about Sam's character, self-concept and abilities. For example, Sam revealed to us that he feels terribly misunderstood by his peers and by Rita.He feels un-capable of getting his point across, resulting in Sam's voice raising and him getting angry. Another instance where we gained insight about Sam was when Rita broke down and started crying, his firs t reaction was to approach her, and gently caress her, showing us that he is very empathetic, understands emotions and knows how to react to them appropriately, which is an important ability. I believe that no emotional barriers were interfering with Sam's ability to communicate his feelings. His disability allows him to be extremely sensitive, empathetic and emotional.He â€Å"feels† more than the average person, and many things in his life affect him immensely. He is passionate, which gained him the ability to fight for his daughter as hard as he did. Actually, Sam believes people do not â€Å"feel† as much as he does, because they don't know how it feels to truly be hurt, like he has. That is why i believe emotional barriers are the least of Sam's problems. Referring to the communication process diagram, I believe there is nothing hindering the communication process. Messages are both being sent and received, and interpreted well and fully. Sam and Rita both share a good communication rocess. Rita walks into Sam’s apartment after breaking down the door unprofessionally. She comes up to Sam to talk about his evaluation that day with Child Protective Services. Sam breaks down in tears and begins to tell her that she doesn’t understand and that she will never know what he is going through. This is when Rita tells Sam that she isn’t perfect and that she does understand how he is feeling; the hurt, the pain and the incapability to fulfil their ambitions. Rita admits to Sam that she is not perfect, that she has a son that hates her and a husband that is cheating on her.At this moment, she is not establishing a professional relationship because she discloses her feelings and emotions to her client. Many factors demonstrate that the interviewer is unable to check her perception at this point in the movie. Due to the fact that she is breaking down in tears and mentally, she cannot take the time to sit down and analyze the situation rationally. At this point in the film she is consumed by the problems that she is having in her home-life and is incapable of putting forth techniques to check her perception of the client’s situation.Rita is very verbally expressive; she does not hide what she is feeling either mentally nor physically. She has built up so many walls lined with hurt, frustration and anger that she had finally hit her breaking point. She expressed everything she was feeling and how mad she has been for so long. At this point she says that realizes that she needs to change her life because she too has made mistakes in the past. Sam tells Rita that people like her have no feelings because people like her are born perfect when Sam was born as he was.This causes her to tear down Sam's origami wall and get close to him and say, â€Å"You think you have it pegged on human suffering? Let me tell you something about people like me. People like me feel lost, little, ugly, and dispensable, people like me have husbands cheating on them with people far more perfect then me. People like me have sons that hate them. † By saying this Rita is making Sam realize that he is not the only one with problems and that she is going through things that are equivalently terrible as losing his daughter.She is testing his ability to have an understanding and empathy for what is going on in her life. At this point in the film Sam’s perception of Rita has dramatically changed. This is caused by the abrupt moment when Rita begins countering her problems with Sam’s (ex: her husband cheating on her and her son hating her, then comparing it to Sam’s problem of losing Lucy). She is testing him to see if he will admit that she is, in fact, un-perfect like Sam himself and everyone else in the world. Rita uses assertiveness when she is communicating with Sam.Her language is direct and honest when explains to Sam that she is not perfect and that people like her feel, lost, little, ugly and dispensable. She uses a firm tone of voice to get her message across and try to make it clear to Sam that no human being is perfect, including herself. Rita uses emotive language when she talks to Sam. She expresses her feelings in a disruptive or controlling way. She isn’t simply telling Sam that she is having a bad day and that she needs to talk, but instead is expresses her anger in a disorderly way.For example, when she storms over to Sam and tears down his origami wall, because what he said had triggered something in her. Rita when communicating also uses a lot of â€Å"I† and â€Å"but† statements. It is obvious that the situation is revolving around her at this point and not the client. She explains to Sam that she knows the way she treats her son is not right, yet she feels she has no choice but to be this way, â€Å"He looks at me with such anger and I hate him then, I know I failed you, I know I’m disappointing you, I know you deserve better. But get in the F***king car†.Rita uses kinesics in an intentional fashion to show Sam that she was irritated and frustrated. She chooses to walk over to the origami wall, knocking it out of her way and intruding Sam's space to make him feel intimidated and uncomfortable. You can clearly see that she is tense and offended at what Sam has said to her. Rita demonstrates individual factors that reveal how she is feeling; the tone of her voice gets really low when she is being serious and reaches a topic that is sensitive to her. Throughout the scene her tone of her voice changes.When she is explaining to Sam that she is far less than perfect, she raises her tone of voice to put emphasis on what she is saying. Rita uses the external factors to her advantage. She intrudes Sam’s personal space to make herself heard. This also exhibits territorialism because by tearing down the origami wall that Sam had made she is clearly stating that she is in control at this moment. Rita also uses Chronemics frequently to regulate her communication. To allow the information to sink in she uses small pauses between statements such as, â€Å"You think you got the market cornered?†¦ on human suffering?†¦Let me tell you something about people like me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Rita’s verbal and non-verbal communication is very congruent. A perfect example would be when Sam says you don’t know Rita turns around and throws her hands in the air saying, â€Å"I don’t know what? † this proves that she is feeling frustrated (her hands thrown up as a sign of giving up due to frustration). Another example is after she knocks down the origami wall she points at Sam and says â€Å"You think you got the market cornered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this shows that she is directly stating her comment towards him and the pointed finger provides that extra shove towards Sam.When Sam tells Rita that she doesn’t understand him because she was born perfect, her h ead is seen pulled back slightly. Sam begins saying things to her such as, â€Å"People like you don’t know† which results in Rita replying with, â€Å"People like me? † This demonstrates that Rita is effectively listening to what Sam has to say. She uses techniques such as prompting to demonstrate that she has understood what Sam has said. The way that Rita acts throughout the interview is very unprofessional.Examples of this are the way she stormed over to Sam and tore down his origami wall and the way that she speaks to him. She has forgotten that Sam has the mental capacity of a 7 year old and treats their relationship on a much more personal level. She does not keep a professional distance from her client because she opens her heart to him as though the two were friends. She shares with him information about her son and husband, when the focus is supposed to be on Sam and his battle for custody of his daughter.

A comparison and contrast whether Aunt Sylvie would raise the girls better or the state in the the novel Housekeeping, by Marilynne Robinson. Includes three intext citations and 3 works cited.

A comparison and contrast whether Aunt Sylvie would raise the girls better or the state in the the novel Housekeeping, by Marilynne Robinson. Includes three intext citations and 3 works cited. Matthew S. BurkholderMrs. Cindy LaCom4/5/2005The novel Housekeeping, by Marilynne Robinson, takes place in the fictional town of Fingerbone. Fingerbone is a dreary little town that is prone to flooding and misfortune. The story begins by explaining how their grandfather was killed in a train wreck. More hardship comes when their mother borrows their neighbor's car and drives it off a cliff. After their mothers suicide Lily and Nora come to help raise the main character Ruthie, and her sister Lucille. Not soon after the grandmothers feel they are ill suited to raise two young girls and send for their Aunt Sylvie to come live with them. The girls soon discover their aunt is a lot different than the average resident of Fingerbone. She has an unnecessary supply of newspapers and tin cans, and she doesn't like to turn the lights on in the house. She also adopts a number of stray cats and takes a midday nap on a park bench in town square.English: Ruthie Foster @ Liri Blues 2010 Italiano:.. .Even stranger she carries crackers in her pocket for the make-believe children in the woods and disappears into the mountains for days at a time. Her lack of responsibility has a splitting effect on the sisters own relationship. Ruthie is a tall and awkward teenager. She never seems to fit in at school, and badly wants to follow Sylvie's free-spiritedness. But the younger Lucille wants stability and has the need to belong. Lucille tries to help her older sister change, but is met with resistance from Ruthie. Lucille decides she has had enough and goes to live with a teacher from school. Unfortunately the townspeople of Fingerbone this that Aunt Sylvie is a bad influence and that she should get her act together. But Ruthie and Sylvie cannot conform, and so they...

Communicate with Stakeholders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communicate with Stakeholders - Assignment Example "Workers today will need technological, educational and critical skills for efficient teamwork, effective communication and strategies so to develop a healthy working environment† (Schmidt et al., 1995). One can only have good job when he or she has sufficient knowledge of work, but unfortunately here is the United States more than half of the students leave their high school lacking the basic knowledge essential for jobs (Secretarys Commission, 1991). The real dilemma lies in the fact that neither academic nor vocational education train students with necessary skills that are needed for their post-secondary education or their high income employment (National Information Center, 1996b).  This highlights the need of student centered learning that is based on the willingness of the student to learn amalgamated with the modern technology. As we know that Student centered learning is a set of methodologies of teaching that primarily concentrates on the interest of the students, instead of those who are involved in the teaching processes like administrators and teachers. This technique has numerous ramifications for not only re-shaping the syllabus, but also to the content and the intuitiveness of courses. This system is paying attention on the interests, abilities, and learning styles of students and portraying the role of teachers as a facilitator of learning and is in contrast with the traditional educational system where learning is imparted forcefully irrespective of the student’s engrossment. We all are also well aware of the fact that student centered learning facilitates collaboration and customization in which educators work with their students and students also learn to manage team work. It opens the windows to critical thinking in which students learn the way of finding effective content and to distinguish between reliable and non-reliable sources. Student centered learning basically imparts

Capital Asset Pricing Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Asset Pricing Model - Assignment Example Usually, the overall volatility of the market is measures through proxies when implementing this model, for instance, the use of FTSE index. Such proxies are not usually the true measures of the market volatility which is at the core of the CAPM assumptions. Therefore, the model estimations from CAPM with use of market proxies for volatility can only predictions that are approximates and not the accurate measures of risk and return relationships. Another unrealistic assumption the CAPM model makes is the existence of a free risk security. In reality, there is not security that is free from risk. Usually, researchers use government security as a risk free security. The truth is while the government may not default (thus considered no risk), other factors such as inflation are uncertain and may impact on the real rate of return. There is also the assumption in the CAPM that the lending and borrowing rates are equal. In reality, this is incorrect as these rates usually differ. The model also makes an assumption that investors will hold highly diversified portfolios. This is not always the case as investors may not hold such highly diversified portfolios and therefore the entire market indices may not be well diversified. This therefor affects the results of CAPM model in estimating market returns. It is therefore unlikely, given these assumptions, that investors behaviour can be accurately explained by this model and also accurately measure the risk of investment. Another limitation of the CAPM model is that given the assumptions it makes, it is difficult to establish its practical validity as well as its empirical validity. Empirical results on whether there is a significant relationship between beta and expected return has been mixed. For instance, some studies have found positive but weak correlations. Others have revealed that returns were not only related to betas but also with other risks such as firm specific risks. Further, other studies find no relationsh ip between beta and returns. Returns have also been found to be highly correlated with other factors such as size of the firms, market and book value ratios, among other factors. These call for need to establish whether beta can be used to measure the risk of securities and whether it is correlated with expected return. Without this, practical and empirical validity cannot be assumed. Another conceptual problem that is linked to validity is the fact that empirical studies on CAPM model have used actual past data and not expected prices to test the model. This introduces bias and there is need to use expected prices to test the model to examine its validity. Another assumption of capital asset pricing model is that betas are assumed to remain stable over time. This is not possible. From the model, beta is a measure of future risk of securities. Investors on the other hand only have past data of share prices and market portfolios, and not future data. Beta can therefore only be estima ted from past data. When past data is used to measure beta, such beta can only be a reliable measure of future risk if it can remain stable over time. This is not possible as studies have found that individual securities do not remain stable over time. Therefore, historical betas are not good predictors of future risk of securities. Describe Roll’s critique of the early empirical tests of the CAPM. Roll has two issues with the CAPM model. The first criticism is stemmed from one of the